Tanning, a holiday goal taken very seriously in the West


Having tanned skin these days is considered a sign of beauty, of youth and of wellbeing, but it hasn’t always been the case. And in other cultures, skin whitening is in contrast a sign of nobility and propriety. Is tanning, currently considered attractive in Europe, simply a fad?

Whiteness was once a symbol of nobility: only aristocrats, who didn’t need to work, could maintain white and well looked-after skin (in contrast to the tanned skin of peasants who represented almost the entire French population in the Middle Ages). Having pale skin wasn’t a given for everybody, however, and was therefore an ostentatious sign of wealth and distinction that was much sought-after – so much so that women covered their faces with a lead-based whitening agent that ended up intoxicating them…

Even today, in some cultures (particularly Asian ones), whiteness is advocated as the beauty norm. In India, mothers ban their daughters from sun exposure from a young age because the best suitors choose to marry the palest girls. In Japan, women don’t go out without their umbrella and they even apply sun cream in the winter to keep their complexion as pale as possible. This difference in people’s conceptions of tanning has led many fashion and cosmetics firms to adapt their ranges according to the country (see the example of l’Oréal opposite).

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Cinema, a masculine world… but mainly frequented by women


Studies from the CNC (French National Centre of Cinematography) show that women go to the cinema more often than men: in 2010, they represented 53.9% of cinema-goers and 55% of unlimited access card holders (for only 51.8% of the French population). But it’s the films that are watched where we see the most striking difference: cinema remains very segmented according to gender…

First of all, men and women differ over the origin of the films they go to see. While both sexes claim to like American films, women see more French films (1% more) and much fewer non-European films (20% less).

Why is there such a difference? Notably because of their different influences when choosing the films. Men mostly rely on the media, while women have a social affinity with cinema that leads them to prefer films with actors or directors they know, or films that they’ve heard good things about (influence of word of mouth): as European and American films are the most viewed and commented on in France, its therefore toward those films that women turn. But the films present in the 2010 box office are practically all American.
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Childhood gives way to adolescence more and more quickly


The headline from a recent article in the Nouvel Observateur read: “Where have the little girls gone?”. It seems that the transition to adolescence is occurring at a younger and younger age. It’s a trend that worries child psychiatrists who are convinced of the importance of the Freudian “latency stage”, the protected haven that constitutes childhood.

Biologically, young girls are becoming women quicker than in the past: although the age of getting their first period hasn’t changed much for half a century (12.5 years on average), mammary glands are appearing earlier. Between 10% and 25% of young girls show signs of puberty from the age of 7 onwards, which was extremely rare a few decades ago.

The cause? A diet that’s more varied and richer than a century ago: little girls have all the nutrients necessary to grow up fast and excess weight which is more and more common) favours a high level of oestrogen, the hormone responsible for puberty. Pesticides and other chemical elements are also accused of accelerating the puberty process.

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Mums are satisfied with their sex lives but would like more sex!


A study of American mums, led by CafeMom, looked into their relationships with their husbands. The result? While mums are satisfied with their partners overall, they miss the frequency with which they had sex before the arrival of children…

The first result from the study: 80% of mothers are very satisfied with their partners. The subjects that cause arguments are rare and isolated (e.g. disagreement over how to reprimand a child because of a poor school report, temporary financial problems, etc.). Only 12% wouldn’t set up home with their partner if they were to do it all again, and 8% retrospectively claim that they would have preferred to have lived alone… but without giving up having children: only 1% of mums say they preferred the life they had before becoming a mum!

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Women of tomorrow


Women are definitely the only social ensemble in the world to represent a majority of people but to act like a minority. From their ways of seeing the future to the efficient communication means to reach them, every reasoning is a macrosocietal, everything is community…

To bring this “Women of tomorrow” survey to a successful conclusion, Nielsen has asked questions to more than 6500 women, living in 20 countries, 10 emerging countries and 10 developed countries, using the internet, telephone or door-to-door to approach them. All of this to try to get a better understanding of the way women see themselves in the future, of how a message reach them, and to try to reveal some sociodemographic differences.

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A strong bond between mothers and brands on digital media


A study conducted amongst more than 1000 American mothers by the agency SheSpeaks was published in June 2011. The results? Mothers are willing to converse with their favourite brands if the content they provide seems pertinent to them… and social media has become the sure place to establish a bond between brands and their clients.

The study shows that mums are very keen on getting closer to brands, especially their favourite brands which play an important role in their everyday life. In fact, these are brands that the mums trust, and being able to communicate with them (via newsletters, forum discussions, etc) enables the bond to be reinforced. 62% of mums (and an even greater percentage in the over 40s) claim to have spoken positively about a brand to their friends when they like their products, as opposed to only 33% when they’re satisfied with a promotion and 6% when they’ve particularly liked an advert of the brand. The product itself therefore prevails when it comes to discussions about a brand.

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An 8-metre tall Marilyn Monroe in the streets of Chicago


On the 15th of July 2011, an impressive statue was unveiled in Chicago: with her white dress twirling around her, an 8-metre (26 foot) high Marilyn Monroe greets passers-by with an alluring smile. Half a century after her death, admiration for one of the film world’s greatest hasn’t waned.

Marilyn is a myth of femininity, a femininity displayed through curves (the actress was a size 12, far bigger than today’s size 4 models), sensuality and mischievous glances. By installing this giant statue in the streets of the city for a year, Chicago pays tribute to a woman who left her mark on the world of cinema.

Created by the sculptor Seward Johnson and entitled “Forever Marilyn”, the statue reveals to surprised onlookers the actress’ legs… all the way up to her lace underwear. Naturally, cameras don’t stop clicking around this piece of art which imitates the pose that made the actress famous in 1955’s The Seven Year Itch.

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A growing number of people in their fifties are seeking divorce


Once the children have fled the family nest, more and more unhappily married women are taking the plunge and divorcing. This new category of singletons, who want to make the most of their newfound freedom, should not be neglected in terms of their consumption potential.

According to Agora Vox, almost 5 in one thousand couples divorce after 30 years of living together (compared to less than one in one thousand in 1972) and women are the ones behind two thirds of these separations. It was unimaginable a few decades ago when it was deemed too late to start over again: “as you make your bed you must lie in it”, goes the saying.

Nowadays, resignation is out of place: as many people in their 50s are divorcing as those in their 30s. In part, because divorced women are no longer stigmatised as much as they were when divorce was considered a deadly sin against Christian morals. But also because they are more independent financially (most of them work), and therefore aren’t afraid of being penniless if they leave their partner.A growing number of people in their fifties are seeking divorce

Once the children have fled the family nest, more and more unhappily married women are taking the plunge and divorcing. This new category of singletons, who want to make the most of their newfound freedom, should not be neglected in terms of their consumption potential.

According to Agora Vox, almost 5 in one thousand couples divorce after 30 years of living together (compared to less than one in one thousand in 1972) and women are the ones behind two thirds of these separations. It was unimaginable a few decades ago when it was deemed too late to start over again: “as you make your bed you must lie in it”, goes the saying.

Nowadays, resignation is out of place: as many people in their 50s are divorcing as those in their 30s. In part, because divorced women are no longer stigmatised as much as they were when divorce was considered a deadly sin against Christian morals. But also because they are more independent financially (most of them work), and therefore aren’t afraid of being penniless if they leave their partner.

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Christian Louboutin, the man with the red soles


A recent aufeminin.com survey revealed that a pair of Louboutins are one of the 5 fashion items women dream of owning. The iconic red soles seem to hold a special spot for women, just as much, or more so, than men…

“The man with the red soles” has never stopped breaking pre-established codes. It was his impertinence that launched his career in fact: having seen a sign at the entrance to a museum that banned stiletto heels in order to preserve the wooden floor, he decided to set about creating such sensual shoes. Aged 16 and armed with his sketches, he knocked on the door of music halls, but without success. Instead of giving up, he decided to get some training at the professionals: Chanel, Yves Saint-Laurent then Roger Vivier… before finally launching his own brand in 1992.
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Interview with Monique Grande, specialist in female personal development


Monique Grande is a writer and specialist coach for women who want to fulfill their potential and become the main players in their own lives again. For Womenology, she accepted to talk to us about her vision of women.

1. In your eyes, what are the main differences between male and female consumers? (In terms of the items they look for, their favourite brands, the way in which they make a decision, their behaviour once in the shop…)

The differences are first and foremost educational and cultural and the major lobbies exploit these issues of gender to the maximum. Messages that are aimed at male and female consumers therefore are considered carefully depending on the gender: in France we talk about the housewife’s shopping basket, never the househusband’s!
It seems that men prefer to acquire a precious object that’s able to seduce a woman, a car to add to his gadgets or a cutting-edge piece of technology for a super-fast connection.
Women, on the other hand, venture into the realm of compulsive shopping or they indulge in items to give to someone else.

2. What are women looking for through consumption?

Satisfaction through pleasure… Of course, they still are!
I would say that women who remain under the influence of an upbringing that consists of pleasing others and expecting to benefit from their charm, look for items that allow them to reveal their finery.
There are also compulsive enthusiasts who make up for things that might be missing from their life and they consume gluttonously without any hesitation!
For those who don’t feel the urge to please other people because they’ve learnt to like themselves for who they are, I think that they buy products that are far from being artificial or unnecessary. A lot of them are concerned with buying organic, buying healthy, buying for fun but their purchases are carefully thought out, and they also buy things for themselves. Now that’s a real challenge for a woman: buying for someone else without forgetting to buy for herself!

3. Do you think that the image of women in advertising has evolved over the last 15 years?

What has changed is that women are lankier, more masculine, even, as if it to mark themselves apart from passive femininity; women’s bodies are also more exposed. But producing sensuality in order to be liked or masculinity in order to gain revenge, that’s compensating behaviour. Such dual compensation makes the role of women swing from the super sexy girl to the high-flying superwoman.
Society brings about a sort of diversion from what women really want deep down. This diversion generates dissatisfaction and a sense of guilt amongst a lot of women.
We might have hoped that after the feminist years, women would have the possibility to be closer to their real nature. But no, more and more, the image driven by advertising encourages the object-woman who’s a visual turn-on and the active woman whose inner life and sensitivity are silenced. Women in magazines are sexier, fashion makes them look their best, they can get as many facelifts as they like and h hide the years… It’s slim consolation in contrast to the lack of self-esteem that a major part of the planet’s female population suffers from!

4. What should companies change to make their products more attractive to women?

Companies could:

® Give more thought to the real lives of women: sell more ethically because these are the woman who are raising and feeding the future generations
® Women want to talk and meet people, they like to talk about life, to invest in relationships: think about the heart of women and sell more sensitivity to them, more links

5. Do you think that society has a tendency to be predominantly feminine?

If that was the case, the world would be a more human place! But that’s not the case! Being predominantly feminine means thinking about BEING rather than HAVING! And developing our sensitivity, our humanism, our charisma. It’s about seizing opportunities that offer changes here and now in order to establish fairer relationships between men and women, and more generally, between human beings.

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Women invest more than men in humanitarian efforts


According to a 2010 study conducted by Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide, American women feel very concerned about defending important causes, whether they be humanitarian, environmental or social.
Source: Womenology Ogilvy .

The involvement of women in humanitarian causes isn’t a new phenomenon. Since the end of the Middle Ages, it was the women who were responsible for applying the Christian principle of charity to the poor people of the village. The two world wars reinforced the preeminence of women in humanitarian roles due to the increased need for females in nursing and home health aide. Even today, Mother Teresa (photo) is one of the symbols of humanitarian dedication, as a result of her actions in Indian shanty towns.

The role of women in humanitarian causes is losing no steam these days. 80% of American women claim that taking action for a major cause gave a sense and a purpose to their lives because the combined efforts of individuals made a real difference. They feel proud of themselves when they support a cause that means something to them (80%, versus 68% of men). There are therefore a lot more women than men who are willing to commit to defending a cause, as the graph below shows.

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Women eat differently during pregnancy


Pregnancy is a very special moment in a woman’s life. While we’re familiar with the physiological and psychological consequences, there’s a shortage of studies in the field of marketing. Yet the period of pregnancy alters women’s consumption habits significantly: here’s an analysis of the very specific consumer profile that is the pregnant woman.

The first profound change during pregnancy concerns products that are deemed dangerous for babies, where we see consumption levels drop. Alcohol is a particularly representative example, as a report from the Ecole de Santé Publique (French School of Public Health) showed. According to a study led by the Health Council of the Netherlands in 2005, 80% of women of reproductive age drink alcohol regularly but two-thirds of them stop drinking alcohol altogether from the 3rd month of pregnancy onwards. This behaviour isn’t observed everywhere to the same degree (in the United States, for example, half of pregnant women admit to having drunk alcohol at least once during the last month of pregnancy), but an unequivocal conclusion emerges nevertheless: women make an effort to reduce their consumption of harmful products during their pregnancy.

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The multiple characteristics of women’s hair


Amongst the most distinctive elements of femininity, women’s hair features high in the list. Short or long, brown or blonde, that’s not really the issue: for all women, hair has a particular significance and it revolves around several very different functions.

- Symbol of femininity: For a long time, women didn’t have the right to cut their hair. Cutting it became a humiliation, particularly at the time of the Liberation when women accused of having sexual relations with enemy soldiers were shaved and shorn of their femininity which they were judged to have abused. Boyish cuts only started making an appearance during the interwar years.

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Cosmetics brands defend the idea of multi-faceted beauty


Doctors often warn against the images of beauty that are represented in magazines, which lead young girls and women to want to change their appearance at any cost in order to correspond to beauty “standards”. It’s against this unhealthy trend that the planet’s main brands are rising up by putting content online that defends the idea that each woman can be beautiful in her own way.

Leading the way is Chanel that has put a video on its Chanel Make Up Confidential site entitled “Fiction or reality? The timeless face of beauty“. In this video, we see a young woman adopting 5 very different looks successively… and encouraging viewers to also play with their palette to reinvent themselves as much as they want. This cheerful video reminds women that they can also change their style at the whim of their desires and mood, that they can try new combinations of colours, and beautify themselves every day without always being exactly the same.

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Yoga has more and more followers


Yoga, an ancient technique from India, has experienced a rapid breakthrough in the West since the 1960s, to such an extent that an estimated 10% of Americans (source: Gralon) and 3 million French people (source: Esprit Yoga) practise it at least occasionally, and amongst them a large majority are women…

The main advantage of yoga is that appeals to all profiles: it requires no particular muscular ability to get started, and it can be practised by children as well as elderly people. While women aged 25 to 55 make up the majority of participants in yoga classes in France, the number of lessons aimed at specific groups is rocketing: classes for pregnant women, yoga seminars for businesspeople, training for primary school teachers who want to initiate their pupils…

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Milk capsules for babies. What else ?


Nestlé brings together two of its most successful marketing campaigns and addresses mums: after baby formula milk and coffee capsules, a bottle-feeding kit has now been launched in the Swiss and Liechtenstein markets. While mum and dad make a cup of coffee (or even tea, with the Special-T machine), their baby can also be drawn in by the sounds of the food giant through its BabyNes bottle.

According to Nestlé’s marketing team, it appears that there’s no set age for becoming addicted to a marketing concept: “When she hears the sound of the machine, she knows that the bottle’s ready. She associates the sound of the machine with the bottle.” (testimony from Aïcha, head of the Finance department at Nestlé and mother to an 8-month-old girl). Nestlé therefore wins over all the family.

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Lighter options, the true stars of women’s kitchen cupboards


Unheard of a couple of decades ago, low-calorie and low-fat products have invaded our supermarket aisles to such a point that all foods now have a lighter version – from yoghurts and butter to fizzy drinks. A dieter’s best friend, they are now essential buys for women…

It was only in the 1960s that fully skimmed milk was authorised to be sold. Since then, brands have followed suit and “lighter”, “low fat” and “low calorie” products now make up 20% of products in our food aisles. There are even areas where the lighter option has become the norm: chewing gums that contain real sugar have almost disappeared, and sales of Diet Coke or Coca Coca Zero have overtaken sales of the original version!

Women are without question the biggest consumers of these lighter options. As a result of social pressure which stresses that slenderness is the ultimate sign of beauty, women are constantly dieting or “watching what they eat and drink”: it’s not surprising then that lighter foods are seen as a real philosophy of life and they invade women’s cupboards! Women therefore get the impression that they can eat without consuming calories.

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To encourage men to accompany their partners, IKEA launches a crèche for men


In its Australian store in Homebush Bay, the famous Swedish chain has decided to create a “Mänland” for 4 days in September 2011, in other words a space dedicated to men who can wait in comfort while their parnters browse through the store. It’s an amusing idea that rightly takes into account gender differences when it comes to purchasing behaviour.

Source : INfluencia.

Having noticed that men often moan about accompanying their partners on lengthy shopping trips, the IKEA furniture brand has set up a space dedicated to men at the entrance of the store. On offer are free video consoles, pinball machines, hot dogs and alcoholic drinks, as well as TVs tuned into sports channels, placed in front of soft IKEA sofas. In short, everything has been done so that the men aren’t clock-watching while the women are pacing up and down the aisles. And when she’s finished? It’s simple: the store issues a buzzer to both partners so they can mutually let each other know when it’s time to meet at the checkout!

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Champagne, a favourite amongst women


Studies show that women like champagne more than men. Sophisticated, light, bubbly and chic – the Marquise de Pompadour once said that champagne is the only wine that leaves a woman beautiful after drinking.

Ever since its beginnings, champagne has been closely linked to women. The Veuve Clicquot brand, a family champagne business that was taken over by the widow of the founder after his death, is symbolic of women’s interest in this wine whose double distillation gives it all its panache. As consumers, women have been very fond of champagne for a long time – and it’s for a good reason: the beverage was traditionally served at charity auction buffets. Very quickly, this association with charity, traditionally orchestrated by women from well-off families, gave champagne a bourgeois connotation which remains to this day – even if the actresses and other performers were, and still are, famous for their excessive consumption of the bubbly stuff!
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“Pink brain, blue brain”, a book about the neurobiological differences between girls and boys during childhood


Neuroscientist Lise Eliot published a book in the US in 2009 called “Pink brain, blue brain : How Small Differences Grow Into Troublesome Gaps — And What We Can Do About It ” in which she shows, with scientific evidence to back her up, that male and female brains are similar overall even if some differences do exist between the sexes. With the book’s release in France on the 1st of September 2011, here’s a summary.

American Lise Eliot explains that she wrote this book because as a mother and as a scientist, she was curious to understand if the differences she observed between girls and boys were due to nature or upbringing. In short, Lise Eliot wanted to revisit the nature versus nurture debate but with neuroscience’s most modern tools: the bibliography which lists the studies she used to support her claims totals 46 pages!

And the conclusion she makes from this mass of scientific data is enlightening: “At birth, boys and girls are definitely different in some ways, but they are fundamentally the same.”

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